AD or Active Directory was developed by Microsoft and previewed in 1999 with its first release in Windows 2000 Server operating system. Its technology is based on the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). Active Directory is used primarily to provide windows authentication services. It uses a central database to make use and store user's login information as well as their individual settings and restrictions.
Active directory is also used in many other Microsoft server software such as Exchange, Sharepoint, ISA and others. This integration facilitates login credentials as it centralizes everything making everything much simpler and more secure. It also increases productivity as one change on the server changes it on all the servers.
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